Joint effect of overweight/obesity and tobacco exposure on hypertension in children aged 6–17 years: a cross-sectional study

Aim To assess the individual effects of overweight/obesity and tobacco exposure, their combined on hypertension in children. Methods This cross-sectional study included 6,339 children aged 6–17 years from National Health Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999–2018. Participants’ height, weight blood pressure (BP) were measured by trained technicians. Hypertension was defined as: mean systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic (DBP) ≥ 90th percentile for sex, age, height (for 1–13 years), SBP ≥120 mmHg a DBP ≥80 adolescents 13–17 years); or self-reported having been diagnosed with taking antihypertensive medication. Gender- age-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-points used to define overweight/obesity: “overweight” as BMI > 1 standard deviation (SD); “obesity” 2SD; “thinness” < −2SD. Tobacco exposure serum cotinine levels >0.05 µg/L reporting presence at least one smoker household. Weighted univariate multivariate logistic regression models odds hypertension, overweight/ obesity followed strata-specific analyses. Odds ratios (OR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated. Results The prevalence significantly higher group than non-hypertension group. Overweight/obesity ( OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.26–2.21/ 2.38, 1.67–3.39) 1.58, 1.16–2.14) associated odd children, respectively. Additionally, we also observed effect between overweight 3.05, 1.96–4.75)/obesity 3.68, 2.24–6.03) related significant different populations. Conclusion There may exist joint American These findings offer an insight that early control reduction be important reduce